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mbse:authoritative_source_of_truth [2018/12/04 13:13]
jcoleman
mbse:authoritative_source_of_truth [2018/12/04 15:46]
jcoleman [Description]
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 ===== Description ===== ===== Description =====
  
-The authoritative source of truth for a digital artifact serves as the primary means of ensuring the credibility and coherence of the digital artifact that its creators share with a variety of stakeholders. ​Stakeholders ​from diverse organizations and distributed locations ​have authorized access ​to observe, analyze, and use digital artifacts ​validated by an authoritative source ​of truth. The owners of digital environments or the community for digital engineering ecosystems provides stakeholders with appropriate access to shared, current, and consistent information over the lifecycle of systems. The authoritative source of truth assures confidence in the quality of the digital artifact across disciplines,​ domains, and life cycle phases. In order to do so, a digital artifact’s authoritative source of truth should meet four conditions. First, the digital artifact originates from a repository recognized by a governing entity as a System of Record (SoR). The originating repository that satisfies the four conditions for a digital artifact is designated Source of Truth (SoT) for the digital artifact [1].    Second, the majority of experts ​legitimizes ​the SoT’s ​credibility,​ accuracy, and trustworthiness. Finally, the SoT meets the “criteria of truth” [2]. For example, the Model Based Engineering (MBE) domain may meet the criteria of truth when most stakeholders agree that the preponderance of evidence upholds the validity of the digital artifact because it represents a commonly accepted perspective of reality [3]. Third, a digital artifact’s source is an authoritative ​source of truth when most experts agree that the source is legitimate ​and that the digital artifact’s content is valid Finally, ​enabling ​the exchange of digital ​artifacts should originate ​from technological ​systems ​that maintain ​its integrity ​such that it meets the conditions ​for validity of digital artifacts and the legitimacy ​of sources.+The authoritative source of truth for a **[[mbse:​digital_artifact|digital artifact]]** serves as the primary means of ensuring the credibility and coherence of the digital artifact that its creators share with a variety of stakeholders. ​It gives stakeholders ​from diverse organizations and distributed locations ​the authorization ​to access, analyze, and use valid digital artifacts ​from an authoritative source. The owners of digital environments or the community for **[[mbse:​digital_engineering_ecosystem|digital engineering ecosystems]]** provides stakeholders with an authoritative source of truth that assures confidence in the quality of the digital artifact across disciplines,​ domains, and life cycle phases. ​ 
 + 
 +In order to do so, a digital artifact’s authoritative source of truth should meet four conditions. First, the digital artifact originates from a repository recognized by a governing entity as a [[https://​whatis.techtarget.com/​definition/​system-of-record-SOR | System of Record (SoR)]]. Second, the majority of experts ​accepts ​the credibility,​ accuracy, and trustworthiness ​of a digital artifact because it meets their “criteria of truth” [1]. For example, ​in the **[[mbse:​model_based_engineering|Model Based Engineering (MBE)]]** domain, the digital artifact ​may meet the criteria of truth when most stakeholders agree that the preponderance of evidence upholds the validity of the digital artifact because it represents a commonly accepted perspective of reality [2]. Third, a digital artifact’s source is an authoritative when most experts agree that the source is legitimate. Finally, the digital ​artifact originates ​from technological ​system ​that maintains ​its integrity ​and reinforces ​the conditions. If the SoR satisfies the four conditions; then, it is the Authoritative [[https://​www.linkedin.com/​pulse/​difference-between-system-record-source-truth-santosh-kudva/​| Source ​of Truth (SoT)]] for its digital artifact [3]
  
 ===== Details ===== ===== Details =====
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 ==== Conceptual Constructs ==== ==== Conceptual Constructs ====
  
-An Authoritative Source of Truth (ASoT) architecture provides the framework to ensure the validity and truthfulness of digital artifacts as they are managed throughout their lifecycle and the integrity of the enabling technological systems. According to a presentation by participants of an Air Force Study [4], the ASoT architecture owners should organize it according to technical platforms or domains and not by specific programs. The platform or domain focus of the ASoT architecture maximizes the usability of the digital artifacts by the communities of practicing engineers [4]. A governing entity that determines Systems of Record (SoRs) does so on the basis of digital artifacts used in its domain. For example, SoRs may include a requirements database, engineering cost data, a model-based systems engineering (MBSE) environment,​ and computer aided design (CAD) systems for transport aircraft. ​ In order to satisfy the conditions for authority, the ASoT architecture must maintain the integrity of these technological systems in order to ensure that one – and only – one SoR exists for each digital artifact. As such, there is a one-to-many relationship between an ASoT and many digital artifacts. ​+An Authoritative Source of Truth (ASoT) architecture provides the framework to ensure the validity and truthfulness of digital artifacts as they are managed throughout their lifecycle and the integrity of the enabling technological systems. According to a presentation by participants of an Air Force Study [4], the ASoT architecture owners should organize it according to technical platforms or domains and not by specific programs. The platform or domain focus of the ASoT architecture maximizes the usability of the digital artifacts by the communities of practicing engineers [4]. A governing entity that determines Systems of Record (SoRs) does so on the basis of digital artifacts used in its domain. For example, SoRs may include a requirements database, engineering cost data, a model-based systems engineering (MBSE) environment,​ and computer aided design (CAD) systems for transport aircraft. ​ In order to satisfy the conditions for authority, the ASoT architecture must maintain the integrity of these technological systems in order to ensure that one – and only – one SoR exists for each digital artifact. As such, there is a one-to-many relationship between an ASoT and many digital artifacts.
  
 ==== Physical Construct ==== ==== Physical Construct ====
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   ==== Examples ====   ==== Examples ====
  
-  * CERDEC enhances C4ISR product lifecycle data management capabilities ​is an online article [14]. +  * [[https://​www.cerdec.army.mil/​news_and_media/​CERDEC_enhances_C4ISR_product_lifecycle_data_management_capabilities/​ | "CERDEC enhances C4ISR product lifecycle data management capabilities"]] as an online article [14]. 
-  * A video by Tableau Software on Journey to a Single Source of Truth at the FAA [15] +  * A video by Tableau Software on [[https://​youtu.be/​4XGjQY0uBdg | "Journey to a Single Source of Truth at the FAA"​]] ​[15] 
-  * A video by BIMobject® on BIMobject Talks – Single Source of Truth [16].” +  * A video by BIMobject® on [[https://​youtu.be/​ELF3wjomsfw | "BIMobject Talks – Single Source of Truth"​]] ​[16]. 
  
 ===== Similar Concepts and Definitions ===== ===== Similar Concepts and Definitions =====
  
 +__**[[https://​legalresearch.uslegal.com/​authoritative-sources/​ | Authoritative Source of Information]]**__ as stated by USLegal.com gives the following description:​\\
 +  * “//An authoritative source, in the legal context, is a body of law which takes precedence over others. An authoritative source is known to be reliable because its authority or authenticity is widely recognized. ...All legal information comes from either primary or secondary sources. Primary sources articulate the law. …While primary sources articulate the law, secondary sources analyze the law. … A secondary authoritative source is one that has been written by an expert who is recognized in his or her field of expertise…//​ [5]"
  
-Authoritative ​Source of Information ​as stated by Herbert FSchantz, ​the topic is as follows+__**[[https://​simplicable.com/​new/​single-source-of-truth | Single ​Source of Truth]]**__ ​as stated by JSpacey gives the following description:\\ 
-An authoritative ​source, in the legal context, ​is a body of law which takes precedence over othersAn authoritative source is known to be reliable because its authority or authenticity is widely recognized. ...All legal information comes from either primary or secondary sources. Primary sources articulate ​the law…While primary sources articulate the law, secondary sources analyze the law. … A secondary authoritative ​source is one that has been written by an expert who is recognized in his or her field of expertise… ​[5]"+  ​* ​//A single ​source ​of truth is a single point of access and modification for a data elementIt requires both a normalized data model and integration such that producers and consumers of a data element all access ​the same copySingle ​source ​of truth is an architectural practice and data strategy that helps to ensure that data is reliable, accurate and secured// ​[6].”
  
-Single Source of Truth as stated by J. Spacey ​gives the following description:​ +__**[[https://​www.gartner.com/​it-glossary/​master-data-management-mdm/​ | Master Data Management]]**__ ​as stated by the Gartner Company ​gives the following description:​\\ 
-A single source of truth is a single point of access ​and modification for a data element. It requires both a normalized data model and integration such that producers and consumers ​of a data element all access ​the same copySingle source of truth is an architectural practice ​and data strategy ​that helps to ensure that data is reliableaccurate ​and secured ​[6].”+  ​* ​//Master Data Management (MDM) is a technology-enabled discipline in which business ​and IT work together to ensure the uniformity, accuracy, stewardship,​ semantic consistency ​and accountability ​of the enterprise’s official shared master data assetsMaster data is the consistent ​and uniform set of identifiers and extended attributes ​that describes the core entities of the enterprise including customersprospects, citizens, suppliers, sites, hierarchies ​and chart of accounts// ​[7].”
  
-Master ​Data Management ​as stated by the Gartner Company ​gives the following description:​ +**__[[https://​searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/​definition/​data-federation-technology | Data Federation Software]]__** ​as stated by TechTarget.com ​gives the following description:​\\ 
-Master ​Data Management (MDM) is a technology-enabled discipline ​in which business ​and IT work together to ensure ​the uniformityaccuracy, stewardship,​ semantic consistency and accountability of the enterprise’s official shared master ​data assetsMaster ​data is the consistent and uniform set of identifiers and extended attributes that describes ​the core entities ​of the enterprise including customersprospects, citizens, suppliers, sites, hierarchies and chart of accounts ​[7].”+  ​* ​//Data federation software ​is programming that provides an organization with the ability to aggregate data from disparate sources ​in a virtual database so it can be used for business ​intelligence (BI) or other analysis. The virtual database created by data federation software doesn'​t contain ​the data itself. Insteadit contains information about the actual ​data and its location (see metadata)The actual ​data is left in place Data federation technology can be used in place of a data warehouse to save the cost of creating a permanentphysical relational database// ​[8].”
  
-Data federation software as stated by TechTarget.com gives the following description: +__**[[https://whatis.techtarget.com/​definition/​system-of-record-SOR | System of Record (SOR)]]**__ ​as stated by WhatIs.com gives the following description:​\\ 
-“Data federation software is programming that provides an organization with the ability to aggregate data from disparate sources in a virtual database so it can be used for business intelligence (BI) or other analysisThe virtual database created by data federation software doesn'​t contain the data itselfInstead, it contains information about the actual data and its location (see metadata). The actual data is left in place Data federation technology can be used in place of a data warehouse to save the cost of creating a permanent, physical relational database [8].” +  ​* ​//A system of record (SOR) is an ISRS (information storage and retrieval system) that is the authoritative source for a particular data element in a system containing multiple sources of the same element. To ensure data integrity, there must be one -- and only one -- system of record for a given piece of information. According to data warehousing expert Bill Inmon, every system of record shares the following characteristics:​ it provides the most complete, most accurate and most timely data, it has the best structural conformance to the data model, it is nearest to the point of operational entry and it can be used to feed other systems// [9].”
- +
-System of Record (SOR)  as stated by WhatIs.com gives the following description:​ +
-“A system of record (SOR) is an ISRS (information storage and retrieval system) that is the authoritative source for a particular data element in a system containing multiple sources of the same element. To ensure data integrity, there must be one -- and only one -- system of record for a given piece of information. According to data warehousing expert Bill Inmon, every system of record shares the following characteristics:​ it provides the most complete, most accurate and most timely data, it has the best structural conformance to the data model, it is nearest to the point of operational entry and it can be used to feed other systems [9].”+
  
 ===== Glossary ===== ===== Glossary =====
  
-1. Authoritative Source ​is “A source of data or information that is recognized by members of a [Community of Interest] COI to be valid or trusted because it is considered to be highly reliable or accurate or is from an official publication or reference [17] +  - **__Authoritative Source__** ​is “A source of data or information that is recognized by members of a [Community of Interest] COI to be valid or trusted because it is considered to be highly reliable or accurate or is from an official publication or reference [17] 
-2. Criteria ​of Truth “standard,​ or rule, by which to judge the accuracy of statements and opinions [2].” +  - **__Criteria ​of Truth__** ​“standard,​ or rule, by which to judge the accuracy of statements and opinions [1].” 
-3. Data Governance ​“…is a system of decision rights and accountabilities for information-related processes, executed according to agreed-upon models which describe who can take what actions with what information,​ and when, under what circumstances,​ using what methods [18].”  +  - **__Data Governance__** ​“…is a system of decision rights and accountabilities for information-related processes, executed according to agreed-upon models which describe who can take what actions with what information,​ and when, under what circumstances,​ using what methods [18].”  
-4. Trustworthiness ​is about establishing credible, transferable,​ confirmable,​ and dependable information from sources. [3].+  - **__Trustworthiness__** ​is about establishing credible, transferable,​ confirmable,​ and dependable information from sources. [2].
  
-==== References ====+===== References ====
 +[1] W. S. Sahakian and M. L. Sahakian, Ideas of the Great Philosphers,​ New York, NY: Barnes & Nobel, 1993.  
 + 
 +[2] Wikipedia, "​Truth,"​ Wikipedia.ort,​ 2018. [Online]. Available: https://​en.wikipedia.org/​wiki/​Truth. [Accessed 16 November 2018]. 
 + 
 +[3] S. Kudva, "The Difference Between System of Record and Source of Truth,"​ 31 March 2016. [Online]. Available: https://​www.linkedin.com/​pulse/​difference-between-system-record-source-truth-santosh-kudva/​. [Accessed 16 November 2018].
  
-[1] S. Kudva, "The Difference Between System of Record and Source of Truth,"​ 31 March 2016. [Online]. Available: https://​www.linkedin.com/​pulse/​difference-between-system-record-source-truth-santosh-kudva/​. [Accessed 16 November 2018]. 
-[2] W. S. Sahakian and M. L. Sahakian, Ideas of the Great Philosphers,​ New York, NY: Barnes & Nobel, 1993.  
-[3] Wikipedia, "​Truth,"​ Wikipedia.ort,​ 2018. [Online]. Available: https://​en.wikipedia.org/​wiki/​Truth. [Accessed 16 November 2018]. 
 [4] C. Sharbaugh, "USAF Digtial Engineering Ecosystem: AFMC/EN and Center for Analysis Sponsored Assessement,"​ in The November 2018 Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), Digital Engineering Working Group (DEWG) Meeting Presentations,​ Alexandria, VA, 2018.  [4] C. Sharbaugh, "USAF Digtial Engineering Ecosystem: AFMC/EN and Center for Analysis Sponsored Assessement,"​ in The November 2018 Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), Digital Engineering Working Group (DEWG) Meeting Presentations,​ Alexandria, VA, 2018. 
 +
 [5] US Legal.com, "​Authoritative Sources,"​ 2016. [Online]. Available: https://​legalresearch.uslegal.com/​authoritative-sources/​. [Accessed 27 November 2018]. [5] US Legal.com, "​Authoritative Sources,"​ 2016. [Online]. Available: https://​legalresearch.uslegal.com/​authoritative-sources/​. [Accessed 27 November 2018].
 +
 [6] J. Spacey, ""​What is a Single Source Of Truth?","​ Simplicable,​ 8 November 2016. [Online]. Available: https://​simplicable.com/​new/​single-source-of-truth. [Accessed 19 November 2018]. [6] J. Spacey, ""​What is a Single Source Of Truth?","​ Simplicable,​ 8 November 2016. [Online]. Available: https://​simplicable.com/​new/​single-source-of-truth. [Accessed 19 November 2018].
 +
 [7] Gartner, "​Master Data Management (MDM),"​ Gartner IT Glossary, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://​www.gartner.com/​it-glossary/​master-data-management-mdm/​. [Accessed 19 November 2018]. [7] Gartner, "​Master Data Management (MDM),"​ Gartner IT Glossary, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://​www.gartner.com/​it-glossary/​master-data-management-mdm/​. [Accessed 19 November 2018].
 +
 [8] TechTarget,​ "Data Federation Software,"​ TechTarget, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://​searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/​definition/​data-federation-technology. [Accessed 19 November 2018]. [8] TechTarget,​ "Data Federation Software,"​ TechTarget, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://​searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/​definition/​data-federation-technology. [Accessed 19 November 2018].
 +
 [9] WhatIs.com,​ "​System of Record (SOR),"​ TechTarget, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://​whatis.techtarget.com/​definition/​system-of-record-SOR. [Accessed 19 November 2018]. [9] WhatIs.com,​ "​System of Record (SOR),"​ TechTarget, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://​whatis.techtarget.com/​definition/​system-of-record-SOR. [Accessed 19 November 2018].
 +
 [10] R. Westman, "What Constitutes an Authoritative Source?,"​ 2 September 2009. [Online]. Available: https://​csrc.nist.gov/​csrc/​media/​events/​privilege-management-workshop/​documents/​presentations/​roger_westman.pdf. [Accessed 27 November 2018]. [10] R. Westman, "What Constitutes an Authoritative Source?,"​ 2 September 2009. [Online]. Available: https://​csrc.nist.gov/​csrc/​media/​events/​privilege-management-workshop/​documents/​presentations/​roger_westman.pdf. [Accessed 27 November 2018].
 +
 [11] S. Zobell, "Why Digital Transformations Fail: Closing The $900 Billion Hole In Enterprise Strategy,"​ Forbes, 13 March 2018. [Online]. Available: https://​www.forbes.com/​sites/​forbestechcouncil/​2018/​03/​13/​why-digital-transformations-fail-closing-the-900-billion-hole-in-enterprise-strategy/#​44ee68727b8b. [Accessed 27 November 2018]. [11] S. Zobell, "Why Digital Transformations Fail: Closing The $900 Billion Hole In Enterprise Strategy,"​ Forbes, 13 March 2018. [Online]. Available: https://​www.forbes.com/​sites/​forbestechcouncil/​2018/​03/​13/​why-digital-transformations-fail-closing-the-900-billion-hole-in-enterprise-strategy/#​44ee68727b8b. [Accessed 27 November 2018].
 +
 [12] P. Johnson, R. Orzechowski and B. Roger, "​M&​S Workbench - A Foundation for a Modeling and Simulation Digital Engineering Ecosystem,"​ in MODSIM World 2017: Modeling and Simulation in the Age of Data, Virginia Beach, VA, 2017.  [12] P. Johnson, R. Orzechowski and B. Roger, "​M&​S Workbench - A Foundation for a Modeling and Simulation Digital Engineering Ecosystem,"​ in MODSIM World 2017: Modeling and Simulation in the Age of Data, Virginia Beach, VA, 2017. 
 +
 [13] Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretaary of Defense for Systems Engineering,​ "​Digital Engineering Strategy,"​ Department of Defense, Washington, DC, 2018. [13] Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretaary of Defense for Systems Engineering,​ "​Digital Engineering Strategy,"​ Department of Defense, Washington, DC, 2018.
 +
 [14] K. Kushiyama, "​CERDEC Enhances C4ISR Product Lifecycle data Management Capabilities,"​ U.S. Army, Communications-Electronics Research, Development and Engineering Center, 6 June 2014. [Online]. Available: https://​www.cerdec.army.mil/​news_and_media/​CERDEC_enhances_C4ISR_product_lifecycle_data_management_capabilities/​. [Accessed 27 November 2018]. [14] K. Kushiyama, "​CERDEC Enhances C4ISR Product Lifecycle data Management Capabilities,"​ U.S. Army, Communications-Electronics Research, Development and Engineering Center, 6 June 2014. [Online]. Available: https://​www.cerdec.army.mil/​news_and_media/​CERDEC_enhances_C4ISR_product_lifecycle_data_management_capabilities/​. [Accessed 27 November 2018].
 +
 [15] Tableau Software, "​Journey to a Single Source of Truth at the FAA," YouTube.com,​ 2 June 2014. [Online]. Available: https://​youtu.be/​4XGjQY0uBdg. [Accessed 3 December 2018]. [15] Tableau Software, "​Journey to a Single Source of Truth at the FAA," YouTube.com,​ 2 June 2014. [Online]. Available: https://​youtu.be/​4XGjQY0uBdg. [Accessed 3 December 2018].
 +
 [16] BIMobject®,​ "​BIMobject Talks – Single Source of Truth,"​ YouTube, 30 May 2017. [Online]. Available: https://​youtu.be/​ELF3wjomsfw. [Accessed 03 November 2018]. [16] BIMobject®,​ "​BIMobject Talks – Single Source of Truth,"​ YouTube, 30 May 2017. [Online]. Available: https://​youtu.be/​ELF3wjomsfw. [Accessed 03 November 2018].
 +
 [17] Department of Defense, "DoD Directive 8320.2: Data Sharing in a Net-Centric Department of Defense,"​ Department of Defense, Washington, DC, 2004. [17] Department of Defense, "DoD Directive 8320.2: Data Sharing in a Net-Centric Department of Defense,"​ Department of Defense, Washington, DC, 2004.
 +
 [18] The Data Goverance Institute, "​Defintions of Data Goverance,"​ The Data Goverance Institute, 2018. [Online]. Available: http://​www.datagovernance.com/​adg_data_governance_definition/​. [Accessed 27 November 2018]. [18] The Data Goverance Institute, "​Defintions of Data Goverance,"​ The Data Goverance Institute, 2018. [Online]. Available: http://​www.datagovernance.com/​adg_data_governance_definition/​. [Accessed 27 November 2018].
  
    
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mbse/authoritative_source_of_truth.txt · Last modified: 2018/12/04 15:46 by jcoleman