Location Factor

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Location Factor is part of Multifactor Authentication (MFA) and includes using the user's current geographic location as determined by Global Positioning System (GPS) or using mobile device radio tower triangulation. Location Factors are generally not used as a sole source of identification but are used in combination with other identifying MFA factors such as knowledge_factor, Possession Factor, or Inherence. For example, an attempt is made to sign-on to a site using the user's user id and password but is doing so from a different location. The server rejects the sign-on because it uses the combination of the user/password and location to confirm the identity of the user.

Source: https://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/multifactor-authentication-MFA