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The Infomration Cognitive Layer is a level of the Cognitive Model. See: xapend.i_cog_model

Figure 1: The Information Layer of the Cognitive Model

Yingxu Wang ¹⁾ describes Information as the second level of cognitive objects that represents or embodies the semantics of data and facts collected from the real-world or yielded by mental processes. Information is the third essence for modeling the natural world in addition to matter and energy as described in the IME-I model in Definition.

Yingxu Wang ²⁾ defines Information as a general form of abstract objects perceived by human brains and represented by symbolical, mathematical, communication, computing, and cognitive systems. According to this definition, anything intangible, which the brain may acquire and process or which a computing/communication system may manipulate and convey, is a kind of information. However, anything tangible that cannot enter the brain is not information, although its attributes, quantity, and properties are information. Any product and/or process of human mental activities result in the generation of information.

In classic information theory, information is treated as a probabilistic measure of properties of message in signal transmission. The early notion of information is highly influenced by the thermal dynamic concept known as entropy, which denotes the extent of the trend of a system towards disorder or randomization. Classic information theories focused on information transmission rather than information itself. The measure of the quantity of information is highly depended on the receiver’s subjective judgment on the probability distributions of signals in the message.

Stavros and Albrant ³⁾ define Information as a concept aggregating data concepts together, in other words, Data that has been given meaning by way of relational connection.