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A Cryptographic Algorithm, or cipher or Encryption Algorithm, the means of altering data from a readable form (also known as plaintext) to a protected form (also known as ciphertext), and back to the readable form. Changing plaintext to ciphertext is known as Encryption, whereas changing ciphertext to plaintext is known as Decryption.

Source: https://www.yourdictionary.com/cipher-or-cryptographic-algorithm