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An Argument represents logical propositions intended to support a Claim through reasoning or logic that links Evidence to a claim. Arguments define the relationships directly linking each claim and/or sub-claims, and piece of evidence, used by an argument to the claims immediately supported by the argument. An argument is the explanation of how the evidence can be interpreted as supporting a claim or sub-claim.

Arguments can also include any unusual events or conditions that are within the context of the claim. The argument can contain considerations of potential causes of failure and appropriate corrective actions if failure occurs. Hence, an argument may include conditions, assumptions, and judgments about the system, its use, and its operational environment, threats, and likelihood of occurrence, for which the claims and evidence are being marshaled as part of an overall assurance case.

Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4548534/#b13-v115.n03.a05