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A Peripheral Device is an internal or external device that connects directly to a computer or other digital device but does not contribute to the computer's primary function, such as computing. It helps end users access and use the functionalities of a computer.

Since it’s not a core device for the system, the computer can still function without the peripheral, which simply provides extra functions. However, some peripherals such as a mouse, keyboard, or monitor tend to be pretty much fundamental to the interaction between the user and the computer itself.

A peripheral device is also called a Peripheral, Computer Peripheral, Input-Output Device, or I/O Device.

Source: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/2252/peripheral-device