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Protocol Buffers (Protobuf) is a free and open-source, cross-platform data format used to serialize structured data. It is useful in developing programs to communicate with each other over a network or for storing data. The method involves an interface description language that describes the structure of some data and a program that generates source code from that description for generating or parsing a stream of bytes that represents the structured data.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_Buffers