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The Confidential Information Protection and Statistical Efficiency Act (CIPSEA), is a United States federal law enacted in 2002 as Title V of the E-Government Act of 2002 (Pub.L. 107–347 (text) (PDF), 116 Stat. 2899, 44 U.S.C. § 101).

CIPSEA establishes uniform confidentiality protections for information collected for statistical purposes by U.S. statistical agencies, and it allows some data sharing between the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bureau of Economic Analysis, and Census Bureau. The agencies report to OMB on particular actions related to confidentiality and data sharing.

The law gives the agencies standardized approaches to protecting information from respondents so that it will not be exposed in ways that lead to inappropriate or surprising identification of the respondent. By default, the respondent's data is used for statistical purposes only. If the respondent gives informed consent, the data can be put to some other use.

CIPSEA did not give the statistical agencies new opportunities to use federal data on business taxes in combination with the other sources for statistical purposes. Such data is protected by Title 26 and new laws would be required to enable the other agencies to use such data, which could help them improve the classifications of business into industries and thus improve the accuracy of industry statistics. Later proposals address this prospect.

A reauthorization of CIPSEA in 2018-19 gave the statistical agencies more opportunities to use administrative data for statistical purposes, and required them to more deeply analyze risks to privacy and confidentiality of respondents.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidential_Information_Protection_and_Statistical_Efficiency_Act