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A Crash, also known as a System Crash or Application Crash, is an event wherein the Operating System (OS) or a computer Application stops functioning properly. It mostly occurs when:

• Hardware (H/W) has failed in a non-recoverable fashion
• Operating System (OS) data have become corrupted
• Recovery from an error is not possible without loss of data

An Application Crash can result in an unexpected exit from the application, whereas a System Crash can result in freezing of the computer.

Source: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/13399/crash