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A Segmentation Fault (SEGFAULT), or Access Violation, is an error returned by hardware with memory protection that tells the operating system that a memory access violation has occurred. The operating system usually reacts by telling the offending process about the error through a signal and then the OS performs some sort of corrective action. This happens because a process or program tries to access memory that is not assigned to it.

Source: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/21992/segmentation-fault-segfault