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A Stablecoin is a class of cryptocurrencies that attempts to offer price stability and are backed by a reserve asset. Stablecoins have gained traction as they attempt to offer the best of both worlds—the instant processing and security or privacy of payments of cryptocurrencies, and the volatility-free stable valuations of fiat currencies.

• Stablecoins are cryptocurrencies that attempt to peg their market value to some external reference.
• Stablecoins may be pegged to a currency like the U.S. dollar or to a commodity's price, such as gold.
• Stablecoins achieve their price stability via collateralization (backing) or through algorithmic mechanisms of buying and selling the reference asset or its derivatives.

Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stablecoin.asp