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Web Services Description Language (WSDL) is an eXtensible Markup Language (XML)-based language that describes Web Services and their uses.

A WSDL document is a concrete description of a Web Service that includes both abstract and concrete elements.

WSDL describes the abstract functionality of a service and provides a framework for describing the concrete details of a service description. This formal description is required in order for distributed systems and communication between software applications.

Source: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/24422/web-services-description-language-wsdl