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dido:public:ra:xapend:xapend.b_stds:defact:google:android
Google: Android
Source: The following is from the English Wikipedia on Android
- Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google. It is based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open source software, and is designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. In addition, Google has developed Android TV for televisions, Android Auto for cars, and Wear OS for wrist watches, each with a specialized user interface. Variants of Android are also used on game consoles, digital cameras, PCs and other electronics.
- Android is also associated with a suite of proprietary software developed by Google, called Google Mobile Services (GMS),1) that frequently comes pre-installed on devices. This includes core apps such as Gmail, the application store/digital distribution platform Google Play and associated Google Play Services development platform, and usually includes the Google Chrome web browser and Google Search app. These apps are licensed by manufacturers of Android devices certified under standards imposed by Google, but AOSP has been used as the basis of competing Android ecosystems such as Amazon.com's Fire OS, which use their own equivalents to Google Mobile Services.
Table 1: Data Sheet for Android.
| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| Developer | Google, Open Handset Alliance |
| Written in | Java (UI), C (core), C++ and others 2) |
| OS family | Unix-like (Modified Linux kernel) |
| Working state | Current |
| Source model | Open source (most devices include proprietary components, such as Google Play) |
| Initial release | September 23, 2008; 10 years ago Morrill, Dan (September 23, 2008). 3) |
| Latest release | 9.0 “Pie” / August 6, 2018 |
| Latest preview | Android Q Beta 4 (QPP4.190502.018)4) / June 5, 2019; |
| Marketing target | Smartphones, tablet computers, smartTVs (Android TV), Android Auto and smartwatches (Wear OS) |
| Available in | 100+ languages5) |
| Update method | Over-the-air |
| Package manager | APK (primarily through Google Play; installation of APKs also possible locally or from alternative sources such as F-Droid) |
| Platforms | 32- and 64-bit ARM, x86 and x86-64 |
| Kernel type | Monolithic |
| Userland | Bionic libc,6) mksh shell,7) Toybox as core utilities (beginning with Android 6.0)8)9) |
| Default user interface | Graphical (multi-touch) |
| License | Apache License 2.0, GNU GPL v2 for the Linux kernel modifications10) |
| Official website | http://www.android.com |
1)
Android is also associated with a suite of proprietary software developed by Google, called Google Mobile Services (GMS), that frequently comes pre-installed on devices. This includes core apps such as Gmail, the application store/digital distribution platform Google Play and associated Google Play Services development platform, and usually includes the Google Chrome web browser and Google Search app. These apps are licensed by manufacturers of Android devices certified under standards imposed by Google, but AOSP has been used as the basis of competing Android ecosystems such as Amazon.com's Fire OS, which use their own equivalents to Google Mobile Services.
2)
“Android Language Breakdown”. Open Hub. October 25, 2017. Archived from the original on December 14, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
3)
"Announcing the Android 1.0 SDK, release 1". Android Developers Blog. Google. Archived from the original on March 5, 2017. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
4)
"Support and Release Notes". Android Developers Blog. Google. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
5)
"Android 7.0 Nougat". Archived from the original on August 22, 2016.
6)
“android/platform/bionic/”. Archived from the original on December 3, 2017.https://android.googlesource.com/platform/bionic/+/master/libc/
7)
“android/platform/external/mksh/”. Archived from the original on January 21, 2016.https://web.archive.org/web/20160121112754/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/mksh/%2B/master
8)
“android/platform/external/toybox/toys/”. Archived from the original on March 14, 2016.https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/toybox/+/master/toys/
9)
“Android gets a toybox”. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.https://lwn.net/Articles/629362/
10)
Licenses“. Android Source. Google. Archived from the original on December 15, 2016. Retrieved March 11, 2017.https://source.android.com/source/licenses.html
dido/public/ra/xapend/xapend.b_stds/defact/google/android.txt · Last modified: 2021/11/09 15:41 by char
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