Combined DIDO
Reference Architecture (RA)
Front Matter
a. Cover Page
OMG Discussion Paper Disclaimer
b. Change Log
c. Abstract
d. Copyright Notice
f. Preface
1 Introduction
1.1 Problem
1.2 Purpose
1.3 Content Organization
2 Architectural Views
2.1 Stakeholder Views
2.1.1 Platform View
2.1.2 Domain View
2.1.3 Ecosystem View
2.1.4 Ecosphere View
2.1.5 Exchange View
2.1.6 Enterprise View
2.1.7 Relevant Community Standards
2.2 Technical Views
2.2.1 Fundamental Views
2.2.1.4 System of Systems (SoS)
2.2.1.6 Open Source Paradigm
2.2.1.3 Case Management
2.2.1.7 Assurance
2.2.1.5 Quality
2.2.1.1 Interfaces
2.2.1.1.1 Platform Interface
2.2.1.1.2 Software Interfaces
2.2.1.1.3 Human Interfaces
2.2.1.2 Tools
2.2.1.2.1 Logging
2.2.1.2.2 Semantic Web
2.2.1.2.3 Open Source Communities
2.2.2 Node Network View
2.2.2.1 Network View
2.2.2.1.1 Secure Messaging
2.2.2.1.2 Transport
2.2.2.1.3 Security
2.2.2.1.4 Protocol
2.2.2.1.5 Distribution Software
2.2.2.2 Node View
2.2.2.2.1 Operating System (OS)
2.2.2.2.2 Operating Environment
2.2.2.2.3 DIDO Platform
2.2.2.2.4 Distributed Applications
2.2.2.3 Node Architecture
2.2.2.3.1 Immutable Data Objects
2.2.2.3.1.1 Ledger
2.2.2.3.1.2 Transactions
2.2.2.3.1.3 Identities
2.2.2.3.1.4 Wallets
2.2.2.3.2 Ancillary Data
2.2.2.3.2.1 Journal
2.2.2.3.2.2 Transforms
2.2.2.3.2.3 Distributed Applications
2.2.2.3.2.4 Web Applications
2.2.2.3.2.5 Exchanges
2.2.2.3.3 Semantic Web
2.2.2.3.4 Software
2.2.2.4 Messaging View
2.3 Taxonomic Views
2.3.1 Network Topology Taxonomy
2.3.1.1 Centralized Network Topology
2.3.1.2 Decentralized Network Topology
2.3.1.3 Distributed Network Topology
2.3.1.4 Relevant Networking Standards
2.3.2 Network Access Control Taxonomy
2.3.2.1 Permissionless Networks
2.3.2.2 Permissioned Networks
2.3.2.3 Public Networks
2.3.2.4 Private Networks
2.3.2.5 Hybrid Networks
2.3.3 Node Taxonomy
2.3.3.1 Full Node
2.3.3.1.1 Pruned Node
2.3.3.1.2 Archival Node
2.3.3.1.2.1 Authority Node
2.3.3.1.2.2 Staking Node
2.3.3.1.2.3 Mining Node
2.3.3.1.2.4 Masternode
2.3.3.2 Lightweight Node (Wallet)
2.3.3.3 Lightning Node
2.3.3.4 Permanode
2.3.4 Data Taxonomy
2.3.4.3.1 Ledger Data
2.3.4.3.2 Ancillary Data
2.3.4.3.3 External Data
3 Governance
3.1 DIDO Communities
3.1.1 Stakeholder Communities
3.1.2 Software Communities
3.2 Legal Documents
3.2.1 Charter
3.2.2 Bylaws
3.2.3 Policies and Procedures (P&P)
3.3 Guides
Appendix A: Glossary of Terms Related to DIDO
Glossary A Terms
Application
Application Programming Interface (API)
Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)
Assurance
Authorization
Glossary B Terms
Bitcoin Wallet
Block Producers
Block Validators
Blockchain
Blockchain Network
Brownfield
Bylaws
Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT)
Byzantine Generals Problem
Glossary C Terms
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Charter
Coins
Command Line Interface (CLI)
Common Intermediate Language (CIL)
Common Language Runtime (CLR)
Communication Protocol
Community of Interest (CoI)
Configuration Management (CM)
Consensus Algorithm
Copyleft
Glossary D Terms
Data as a Service (DaaS)
DataBase Management System (DBMS)
Data Distribution Service (DDS)
Data Model (DM)
Data Protection
Datastore
de facto Standards Bodies
Delegated Byzantine Fault Tolerant (dBFT)
Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)
Department of Defense (DoD)
Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)
Disconnected, Intermittent and Limited (DIL)
Distributed Application (ĐApp or DApp)
Distributed Immutable Data Objects (DIDO)
Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)
Domain Name System (DNS)
Glossary E Terms
Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)
Endianness
Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP)
Ethereum Request for Comment (ERC)
Glossary F Terms
Fifty-One Percent (51% Attack)
Financial Instrument Global Identifier (FIGI)
FIGI Symbology
Full Node
Fungible
Glossary G Terms
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
Google Mobile Services (GMS)
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
Greenfield
Glossary H Terms
Hard Fork
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Hybrid Network
Hype-Cycle
Glossary I Terms
Identification
Immutable
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)
Information Assurance (IA)
Information Security (IS/InfoSec)
Information Technology (IT)
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
Initial Coin Offering (ICO)
Intellectual Property (IP)
Interface
Internet of Things (IOT)
Internet Protocol (IP)
Glossary J Terms
Just-In-Time (JIT)
Glossary K Terms
Know Your Customer (KYC)
Glossary L Terms
Ledger
License Distribution
License Linking
License Modification
License Patent Grant
License Private Use
Licensing Sublicensing
Licensing Trademark Grant
Lightning Network
Light Node
Glossary M Terms
Maintainability Measure
Message Queue(MQ)
Micropayment Channel
Miner Node
Mission Assurance (MA)
Multi-Signature (multisig)
Glossary N Terms
Network Traffic Analyzer
Node
Node Network
Glossary O Terms
Open Source Software (OSS)
Operating System (OS)
Operational transformation (OT)
Oracle
Glossary P Terms
Parliamentary Authority
Payment Channel
Pedigree
Peer-to-Peer (P2P)
Performance Efficiency Measure
Permissioned Networks
Permissionless Networks
Permissive Open Source Software
Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
Platform Independent Model (PIM)
Platform Specific Model (PSM)
Policy
Principle
principles
Private Network
Procedure
Proof of Authority (PoA)
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Proof of Work (PoW)
Provenance
Public Network
Glossary Q Terms
Glossary R Terms
Reference Architecture (RA)
Registered Agent
Relational DataBase Management System (RDBMS)
Reliability Measure
Representational State Transfer (REST)
Request For Comment (RFC)
Request For Information (RFI)
Request For Proposal (RFP)
RESTful API
Rich Site Summary (RSS)
Risk
Glossary S Terms
Safety Assurance (SfA)
Salami Slicing
Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)
Security Measure
Semantic Web
Simple Payment Verification (SPV)
Smart Contract
Snapshot
Soft Fork
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Software Assurance (SwA)
Special Interest Group (SIG)
Special Rules
Stakeholder
Standards Developing Organization (SDO)
standards_organization
Standing Rules
Statute
Straight-through Processing (StP)
System Assurance (SysA)
Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE)
Glossary T Terms
Tangle
Taxonomy
Technical Standard
Tokens
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Glossary U Terms
Unified Modeling Language (UML)
UNIX
Glossary V Terms
Virtual Machine (VM)
Glossary W Terms
Weight of Network
Glossary X Terms
Glossary Y Terms
Glossary Z Terms
Appendix B: Standards Organizations
Technical Standards Bodies
Apache Software Foundation (ASF)
Apache License, Version 2.0 (Apache-2.0)
ECMA International
ECMA: Standard ECMA-262 - ECMAScript® 2018 Language Specification (Javascript)
ECMA: Standard ECMA-334 - C# Language Specification
ECMA: Standard ECMA-335 - Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)
ECMA: Technical Report TR/84 - Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) - Information Derived from Partition IV XML File
ECMA: Technical Report TR/89 - Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) - Common Generics
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
IEEE 1003.1-2017 - IEEE Standard for Information Technology--Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX(R)) Base Specifications
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
RFC0147 - The Definition of a Socket
RFC0768 - User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
RFC0791 - Internet Protocol (IPv4)
RFC0793 - Transmission Control Protocol
RFC1034 - Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities
RFC1035 - Domain Names - Implementation and Specification
RFC1112 - Host Extensions for IP Multicasting
RFC1831 - Remote Procedure Call Protocol Specification Version 2 (RPC)
RFC2104 - Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication (HMAC)
RFC2246 - The TLS Protocol
RFC2315 - Cryptographic Message Syntax
RFC2426 - vCard MIME Directory Profile
RFC2460 - Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification
RFC2818 - HTTP Over TLS (HTTPS)
RFC3339 - Date and Time on the Internet: Timestamps
RFC3447 - PKCS #1: RSA Cryptography Specifications
RFC3596 - DNS Extension to support IP Version 6
RFC4122 - A Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID) URN Namespace
RFC5011 - Automated Updates of DNS Security (DNSSEC) Trust Anchors
RFC5424 - The Syslog Protocol (SYSLOG)
RFC6101 - The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Protocol Version 3.0
RFC6376 - DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) Signatures
RFC6455 - The WebSocket Protocol
RFC6749 - The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework
RFC6750 - The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework: Bearer Token Usage
RFC6891 - Extension Mechanisms for DNS (EDNS(0))
RFC6979 - Deterministic Usage of the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) and Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA)
RFC7061 - eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) XML Media Type
RFC7235 - Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Authentication
RFC8259 - The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data Interchange Format
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
ISO/IEC 19506:2012 Architecture-Driven Modernization (ADM) -- Knowledge Discovery Meta-Model (KDM)
ISO/IEC 23360-1:2006 Linux Standard Base (LSB) core specification 3.1 -- Part 1: Generic specification
ISO 9001:2015 Quality management
ISO/IEC/IEEE 90003:2018 Software engineering – Guidelines for the application of ISO 9001:2015 to computer software
ISO/IEC/IEEE 25000:2014 SQuaRE -- Guide to SQuaRE
ISO/IEC 25001:2014 SQuaRE -- Planning and Management
ISO/IEC 25010:2011 SQuaRE -- System and Software Quality Models
ISO/IEC 25012:2008 SQuaRE -- Data Quality Model
ISO/IEC 25020:2007 SQuaRE -- Measurement Reference Model and Guide
ISO/IEC 25021:2012 SQuaRE -- Quality Measure Elements
ISO/IEC 25022:2016 SQuaRE -- Measurement of Quality in Use
ISO/IEC 25023:2016 SQuaRE -- Measurement of System and Software Product Quality
ISO/IEC 25024:2015 SQuaRE -- Measurement of Data Quality
ISO/IEC 25030:2007 SQuaRE -- Quality Requirements
ISO/IEC 25040:2011 SQuaRE -- Evaluation Process
ISO/IEC 25041:2012 SQuaRE -- Evaluation Guide for Developers, Acquirers and Independent Evaluators
ISO/IEC 25045:2010 SQuaRE -- Evaluation Module for Recoverability
ISO/IEC 9899:2018 Programming languages -- C
ISO/IEC 14882:2017 Programming languages -- C++
ISO/IEC 22275:2018 Programming Languages - ECMAScript Specification Suite
ISO 8601-1:2019 Date and time -- Representations for information interchange -- Part 1: Basic rules
ISO 8601-2:2019 Date and time -- Representations for information interchange -- Part 2: Extensions: Basic rules
ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015 Systems and software engineering -- System life cycle processes
ISO/IEC 9834-8:2014 Information technology -- Procedures for the operation of object identifier registration authorities -- Part 8: Generation of universally unique identifiers (UUIDs) and their use in object identifiers
International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
ITU-T Y.2060 - Overview of the Internet of things
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
NIST: FIPS PUB 186-4: Digital Signature Standard (DSS)
NIST: SP 800-89: Recommendation for Obtaining Assurances for Digital Signature Applications
NIST: SP 800-126: The Technical Specification for the Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP)
Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS)
OASIS: Assertions and Protocols for the OASIS Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML)
OASIS: eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML)
Object Management Group (OMG)
OMG: Automated Source Code CISQ Measures (ASCQM)
OMG: Automated Source Code CISQ Maintainability Measure (ASCMM)
OMG: Automated Source Code CISQ Security Measure (ASCSM)
OMG: Automated Source Code CISQ Performance Efficiency Measure (ASCPEM)
OMG: Automated Source Code CISQ Reliability Measure (ASCRM)
OMG: CISQ Automated Enhancement Points (AEP)
OMG: CISQ Automated Function Points (AFP)
OMG: CISQ Automated Technical Debt Measure (ATDM)
OMG: Case Management Model and Notation (CMMN)
OMG: Data Distribution Service (DDS)
OMG: DDS Interoperability Wire Protocol (DDSI-RTPS)
OMG: ISO/IEC C++ 2003 Language DDS PSM (DDS-PSM-Cxx)
OMG: Java 5 Language PSM for DDS (DDS-Java)
OMG: OPC-UA/DDS Gateway (DDS-OPCUA)
OMG: RPC Over DDS (DDS-RPC)
OMG: DDS Security (DDS-SECURITY)
OMG: Web-Enabled DDS (DDS-WEB)
OMG: DDS Consolidated XML Syntax (DDS-XML)
OMG: DDS For Extremely Resource Constrained Environments (DDS-XRCE)
OMG: Extensible and Dynamic Topic Types for DDS (DDS-XTypes)
OMG: Interface Definition Language (IDL)
OMG: Ontology Definition Metamodel (ODM)
OMG: Semantics Of Business Vocabulary and Rules (SBVR)
OMG: Structured Assurance Case Metamodel (SACM)
OMG: Structured Metrics Metamodel (SMM)
OMG: Systems Modeling Language (SysML)
OMG: Unified Architecture Framework (UAF)
Open Source Initiative (OSI)
OSI: The 2-Clause BSD License (BSD-2-Clause)
OSI: The 3-Clause BSD License (BSD-3-Clause)
OSI: GNU Library General Public License version 2 (LGPL-2.0)
OSI: GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1 (LGPL-2.1)
OSI: GNU General Public License version 3 (GPL-3.0)
OSI: The MIT License (MIT)
OSI: Common Public License, Version 1.0 (CPL-1.0)
OSI: Eclipse Public License Version 2.0 (EPL-2.0)
OSI: Mozilla Public License (MPL-2.0)
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
W3C: Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 2 (CSS 2.2) Specification
W3C: Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) 1.0
W3C: Document Object Model (DOM) Level 3 Core Specification
W3C: HTML5 (HTML5)
W3C: OWL 2 Web Ontology Language - Structural Specification and Functional-Style Syntax (second Edition)
W3C: RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax (RDF)
W3C: RDF 1.1 Terse RDF Triple Language (Turtle)
W3C: SPARQL 1.1 Overview (SPARQL)
W3C: Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fifth Edition)
W3C: XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 1: Structures
W3C: XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 2: Datatypes
W3C: XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 3.0
W3C: XML Path Language (XPath) 3.1
de facto Standards Bodies
Amazon
Apache Software Foundation (ASF)
Apache: Log4j
Apache: Log4cxx
Apache: log4php
Apache: log4net
Apache: log4jscala
Apple
Apple: Darwin
Apple: iOS
Apple: MacOS
Bitcoin
Bitcoin: Bitcoinj Developer's Documentation
Bitcoin: Developer's Guidance
Bitcoin: Guide 1 Blockchain
Bitcoin: Guide 2 Transactions
Bitcoin: Guide 3 Contracts
Bitcoin: Guide 4 Wallets
Bitcoin: Guide 5 Payment Processing Guide
Bitcoin: Guide 6 Operating Modes
Bitcoin: Guide 7 Peer-to-Peer Networks
Bitcoin: Guide 8 Mining
Bitcoin: Bitcoin Improvement Proposals (BIPs)
BIP 0011 - M-of-N Standard Transactions
BIP 0013 - Address Format for pay-to-script-hash
BIP 0014 - Protocol Version and User Agent
BIP 0021 - URI Scheme
BIP 0022 - getblocktemplate - Fundamentals
BIP 0023 - getblocktemplate - Pooled Mining
BIP 0031 - Pong message
BIP 0035 - mempool message
BIP 0037 - Connection Bloom filtering
BIP 0061 - Reject P2P message
BIP 0070 - Payment Protocol
BIP 0071 - Payment Protocol MIME types
BIP 0072 - bitcoin: uri extensions for Payment Protocol
BIP 0073 - Use "Accept" header for response type negotiation with Payment Request URLs
BIP 0137 - Signatures of Messages using Private Keys
BIP 0144 - Segregated Witness (Peer Services)
BIP 0145 - getblocktemplate Updates for Segregated Witness
BIP 0016 - Pay to Script Hash (soft fork)
BIP 0030 - Duplicate transactions (soft fork)
BIP 0034 - Block v2, Height in Coinbase (soft fork)
BIP 0042 - A finite monetary supply for Bitcoin (soft fork)
BIP 0065 - OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY (soft fork)
BIP 0068 - Relative lock-time using consensus-enforced sequence numbers (soft fork)
BIP 0091 - Reduced threshold Segwit MASF (soft fork)
BIP 0112 - CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY (soft fork)
BIP 0113 - Median time-past as endpoint for lock-time calculations (soft fork)
BIP 0141 - Segregated Witness (Consensus layer) (soft fork)
BIP 0143 - Transaction Signature Verification for Version 0 Witness Program (soft fork)
BIP 0147 - Dealing with dummy stack element malleability (soft fork)
BIP 0148 - Mandatory activation of segwit deployment (soft fork)
Consortium for Information & Software Quality (CISQ)
Ethereum
Ethereum: Solidity Language Specification
Ethereum: Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)
Ethereum: Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs)
EIP 20: ERC-20 Token Standard
EIP 55: Mixed-case checksum address encoding
EIP 137: Ethereum Domain Name Service - Specification
EIP 141: Designated invalid EVM instruction
EIP 155: Simple replay attack protection
EIP 162: Initial ENS Hash Registrar
EIP 165: ERC-165 Standard Interface Detection
EIP 181: ENS support for reverse resolution of Ethereum addresses
EIP 190: Ethereum Smart Contract Packaging Standard
EIP 191: Signed Data Standard (DRAFT)
EIP 211: New opcodes: RETURNDATASIZE and RETURNDATACOPY
EIP 214: New opcode STATICCALL
EIP 721: ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard
EIP 777: ERC-777 Token Standard
EIP 1167: Minimal Proxy Contract
EIP 1820: Pseudo-introspection Registry Contract
EIP 107: safe "eth_sendTransaction" authorization via html popup (DRAFT)
EIP 234: `blockHash` to JSON-RPC filter options (DRAFT)
EIP 695: Create `eth_chainId` method for JSON-RPC (DRAFT)
EIP 712: Ethereum typed structured data hashing and signing (DRAFT)
EIP 758: ERC-NN Subscriptions and filters for completed transactions (DRAFT)
EIP 1102: Opt-in account exposure (DRAFT)
EIP 1186: RPC-Method to get Merkle Proofs - eth_getProof (DRAFT)
EIP 1193: Ethereum Provider JavaScript API (DRAFT)
EIP 1474: Remote Procedure Call (RPC) specification (DRAFT)
EIP 1767: GraphQL interface to Ethereum node data (DRAFT)
EIP 1803: ERC-NN Rename opcodes for clarity (DRAFT)
EIP 1898: ERC-NN Add `blockHash` to JSON-RPC methods which accept a default block parameter (DRAFT)
Ethereum: Clients
Ethereum: cpp Project
Ethereum: Ethereumh Project
Ethereum: Ethereumjs-lib Project
Ethereum: Ethereum_j Project
Ethereum: Go-ethereum Project
Ethereum: Parity Project
Ethereum: Pyethapp Project
Ethereum: Ruby-ethereum Project
Google
Google: Android
Google: Go (software language)
Google: gRPC
Google: Protocol Buffers
IOTA
Linux Foundation
Linux Foundation: Hyperledger
Linux Foundation: OpenJS Foundation
Kubernetes
Node.js
Linux Foundation: Open Middleware Agnostic Messaging API (OpenMAMA)
Linux Foundation: Open Messaging
ISO/IEC The Linux Standard Base 5 Specification Series (LSB 5)
Microsoft
Microsoft: Windows API
Oracle
Oracle: The Java® Language Specification SE 8 Edition
Oracle: The Java® Virtual Machine Specification JVM
Oracle: Java logger API
Talk Openly Develop Openly (TODO)
TODO: How to create an open source program
TODO: Measuring your open source program's success
TODO: Tools for managing open source programs
TODO: Using open source code
TODO: Participating in open source communities
TODO: Recruiting open source developers
TODO: Starting an open source project
TODO: Improve your open source development impact
TODO: Shutting down an open source project
TODO: Building leadership in an open source community
TODO: Setting an Open Source Strategy
GIT (Revision Control)
InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)
Jenkins (Continuous Delivery)
Jira (Bug tracking system)
Participating in Open Source Communities
ZeroMQ Distributed Messaging
ZeroMQ Message Transport Protocol (ZMTP)
Appendix E: Tools
Tools: Open Source Paradigm
Tools: Source Code Scanning and License Compliance
Tools: Bug and Issue Tracking
Tools: Archiving and Release Management
Tools: Tracking Project Health
Tools: Code Reviews
Tools: Contributor License Agreements (CLA)
Tools: GitHub Management at Corporate Scale
Tools: Project Quality
Tools: Logging Tools
Tools: Network Traffic Analysis
Appendix H: Acronyms