DIDO RA 4.0 (Compact Version)
Reference Architecture (RA)
Front Matter
a. Cover Page
OMG Discussion Paper Disclaimer
b. Change Log
c. Abstract
d. Copyright Notice
f. Preface
1 Introduction
1.1 Problem
1.2 Purpose
1.3 Content Organization
2 Architectural Views
2.1 Stakeholder Views
2.1.1 Platform View
2.1.2 Domain View
2.1.3 Ecosystem View
2.1.4 Ecosphere View
2.1.5 Exchange View
2.1.6 Enterprise View
2.1.7 Relevant Community Standards
2.2 Technical Views
2.2.1 Fundamental Views
2.2.1.1 Interfaces
2.2.1.1.1 Platform Interface
2.2.1.1.2 Software Interfaces
2.2.1.1.3 Human Interfaces
2.2.1.2 Tools
2.2.1.2.1 Logging
2.2.1.2.2 Semantic Web
2.2.1.2.3 Open Source Communities
2.2.1.3 Case Management
2.2.1.4 System of Systems (SoS)
2.2.1.5 Quality
2.2.1.6 Open Source Paradigm
2.2.1.7 Assurance
2.2.2 Node Network View
2.2.2.1 Network View
2.2.2.1.1 Secure Messaging
2.2.2.1.2 Transport
2.2.2.1.3 Security
2.2.2.1.4 Protocol
2.2.2.1.5 Distribution Software
2.2.2.2 Node View
2.2.2.2.1 Operating System (OS)
2.2.2.2.2 Operating Environment
2.2.2.2.3 DIDO Platform
2.2.2.2.4 Distributed Applications
2.2.2.3 Node Architecture
2.2.2.3.1 Immutable Data Objects
2.2.2.3.1.1 Ledger
2.2.2.3.1.2 Transactions
2.2.2.3.1.3 Identities
2.2.2.3.1.4 Wallets
2.2.2.3.2 Ancillary Data
2.2.2.3.2.1 Journal
2.2.2.3.2.2 Transforms
2.2.2.3.2.3 Distributed Applications
2.2.2.3.2.4 Web Applications
2.2.2.3.2.5 Exchanges
2.2.2.3.3 Semantic Web
2.2.2.3.4 Software
2.2.2.4 Messaging View
2.2.3 Decentralized Finance (DeFi) Layers
2.3 Taxonomic Views
2.3.1.1 Centralized Network Topology
2.3.1.2 Decentralized Network Topology
2.3.1.3 Distributed Network Topology
2.3.1.4 Relevant Networking Standards
2.3.2.1 Permissionless Networks
2.3.2.2 Permissioned Networks
2.3.2.3 Public Networks
2.3.2.4 Private Networks
2.3.2.5 Hybrid Networks
2.3.3.1 Full Node
2.3.3.1.1 Pruned Node
2.3.3.1.2 Archival Node
2.3.3.1.2.1 Authority Node
2.3.3.1.2.2 Staking Node
2.3.3.1.2.3 Mining Node
2.3.3.1.2.4 Masternode
2.3.3.2 Lightweight Node (Wallet)
2.3.3.3 Lightning Node
2.3.3.4 Permanode
3 Governance
3.1 DIDO Communities
3.1.1 Stakeholder Communities
3.1.2 Software Communities
3.2 Legal Documents
3.2.1 Charter
3.2.2 Bylaws
3.2.3 Policies and Procedures (P&P)
3.3 Guides
4 Requirements
4.1 About Requirements
4.1.1 Governance Requirements Model
4.1.2 Cognitive Requirements Model
4.1.3 Governing Roles - Combined Requirements Model
4.1.4 Example of a Using the Combined Requirements Model
4.1.5 The Current State of DIDO Requirements
4.1.6 One Degree of Freedom Rule
4.1.7 Specifying Requirements
4.2 Functional Requirements
4.2.1 Platforms
4.2.1.1 Hardware Platform
4.2.1.2 Operating System Platform
4.2.1.3 Runtime Platforms
4.2.1.4 Network Platforms
4.2.1.5 Virtualized Nodes
4.2.2 Access Control
4.3 Non-Functional Requirements
4.3.1 Portability
4.3.1.1 Adaptability
4.3.1.2 Installability
4.3.1.3 Replaceability
4.3.2 Reliability
4.3.2.1 Maturity
4.3.2.2 Availability
4.3.2.3 Fault Tolerance
4.3.2.4 Recoverability
4.3.3 Maintainability
4.3.3.1 Modularity
4.3.3.2 Reusability
4.3.3.3 Analysability
4.3.3.4 Modifiability
4.3.3.5 Testability
4.3.4 Securability
4.3.4.1 Confidentiality
4.3.4.2 Data Integrity
4.3.4.3 Non-Repudiation
4.3.4.4 Authenticity
4.3.4.5 Accountability
4.3.5 Manageability
4.3.5.1 Types of Manageability Functions
4.3.5.2 Manageability Costs
4.3.5.3 System Manageability Issues
4.3.5.4 Software Manageability Issues
4.3.6 Usability
4.3.6.1 Effectiveness Metrics
4.3.6.2 Efficiency Metrics
4.3.6.3 Attitude / Satisfaction Metrics
4.3.7 Performance
4.3.7.1 Platform Performance
4.3.7.2 Application Performance
4.3.7.3 Network Performance
4.3.8 Interoperability
4.3.9 Elasticity
4.3.10 Scalability
4.4 Assessing Requirements
4.4.2 Non-functional Requirements Assessment
Appendices
Glossary !-* Terms
Glossary 0-9 Terms
16-Bit
32-Bit
64-Bit
Glossary A Terms
Acceptance Testing
Access Control
Access Control Function
Access Control List (ACL)
Accessibility
Accountability
Adaptability
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Spoofing
After Action Review (AAR)
Aggregation Layer
Agile Model
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
American Standard for Information Interchange (ASCII)
Analysability
Application
Application Container
Application Layer
Application Performance
Application Programming Interface (API)
Application Security
Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)
Appropriateness Recognizability
Architecture Adaptability
Argument
Assurance
Authentication
Authenticity
Authorization
Automation Pyramid
Availability
Glossary B Terms
Backus–Naur Form (BNF)
Bandwidth
Big-Endian
Bill of Lading (BL or BoL)
Biometrics
Bitcoin Wallet
Bit Error
Black Box Testing
blkchn
Blockchain Network
Block Producers
Block Validators
Bluetooth
Bootstrap
Bridge
Brownfield
Bylaws
Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT)
Byzantine Generals Problem
Glossary C Terms
Cable Subscriber Protection
California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)
Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI)
Category 5 (Cat-5)
Category 6 (Cat-6)
Category 7 (Cat-7)
Category 8 (Cat-8)
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Charter
Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)
Claim
Class
Client
Client-Server
Cloud Elasticity
Coins
Comma Separated Values (CSV)
Command Line Interface (CLI)
Command Shell
Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS)
Common Intermediate Language (CIL)
Common Language Runtime (CLR)
Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)
Communication Protocol
Communications Model
Community of Interest (CoI)
Compiler
Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)
Computer Architecture
Computing Platform
Conceptual Schema
Condition
Confidentiality
Confidentiality Agreement
Configuration Management (CM)
Conformance Specification
Consensus Algorithm
Container
Container Engine
Container Host
Container OS
Control Level
Copyleft
Copyright
Cryptocurrency
CyberSecurity Culture (CSC)
Glossary D Terms
Daemon
Data-Centric
Data-Centric Publish-Subscribe (DCPS)
Data as a Service (DaaS)
Data-at-Rest
Database Driver
DataBase Management System (DBMS)
Data Definition Language (DDL)
Data Distribution Service (DDS)
Data-in-Motion
Data Integrity
Data-in-Use
Data Link Layer (DLL)
Data Logging
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
Data Model (DM)
Data Object (DO)
Data Protection
Data Protection Act 2018
Data Quality
Data Reader
Data Security
Datastore
Data Structure
Data Writer
DDS Domain
Decentralized Finance (DeFi)
de facto Standard
Delegated Byzantine Fault Tolerant (dBFT)
Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)
Department of Defense (DoD)
Dependent Event
DevOps
DIDO Domain Community
DIDO Ecosphere Community
DIDO Ecosystem Community
DIDO Platform
Digital Rights
Digital Rights Management (DRM)
Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)
Disconnected, Intermittent and Limited (DIL)
Discovery
Disk Image
Distributed Application (ĐApp or DApp)
Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS)
Distributed Immutable Data Objects (DIDO)
Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)
Distributed System
Docker
Domain Integrity
Domain Knowledge
Domain Name System (DNS)
Domain Participant
Download Speed
Downtime
Driver's Privacy Protection Act of 1994 (DPPA)
Duck Typing
Durability
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Dynamic Link Library (.dll)
Glossary E Terms
Economies of Scale
Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)
Encryption
End-of-life (EoL)
End-to-End Solution (E2ES)
End-to-End Testing (E2E Testing)
Endianness
Endpoint
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
Entity
Entity Integrity
Environment Variables
Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP)
Ethereum Request for Comment (ERC)
Ethernet
Evidence
Executable File
Glossary F Terms
Failover
Fault Tolerance
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
Field Level
Fifty-One Percent (51% Attack)
FIGI Symbology
Figure of Merit (FoM)
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Financial Instrument Global Identifier (FIGI)
Firewall
Five Nines
Flowchart
Full-Disk Encryption (FDE)
Full Node
Functional Language
Functional Programming
Functional Requirements
Fungible
Glossary G Terms
Gateway
General-Purpose Graphics Processing Unit (GPGPU)
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
Goal
Google Mobile Services (GMS)
Government Off-The-Shelf (GOTS)
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
Greenfield
Glossary H Terms
Hard Fork
Hardware Firewall
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
History QoS
Horizontal Scaling
Hub
Human-machine interface (HMI)
Hybrid Network
Hype-Cycle
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) Request
Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) Response
Hypertext Transport Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
Hypervisor
Glossary I Terms
Identification
Identifier (ID)
Immutable
Independent Event
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)
Information Assurance (IA)
Information Security (IS/InfoSec)
Information Technology (IT)
Infrared Wireless Networking
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
Initial Coin Offering (ICO)
Installability
Instance
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Integration Testing
Intellectual Property (IP)
Interface
Interface Testing
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
Internet
Internet of Things (IOT)
Internet Protocol (IP)
Internet Protocol Address (IP Address)
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
Interoperability
Interoperability Testing
ISO 9001
ISO 15288
ISO 90003-2018
Glossary J Terms
Java Database Connectivity(JDBC)
JavaScript
JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)
Jitter
Just-In-Time (JIT)
Glossary K Terms
Key
Know Your Customer (KYC)
Glossary L Terms
Latency
Learnability
Ledger
License Distribution
License Linking
License Modification
License Patent Grant
License Private Use
Licensing Sublicensing
Licensing Trademark Grant
Lightning Network
Light Node
Listener
Little-Endian
liveliness
Local Area Network (LAN)
Logical Integrity
Glossary M Terms
Maintainability
Maintainability Measure
Manageability
Management Level
Manufacturing Execution System (MES)
Massively Parallel Processing (MPP)
Mean Active Maintenance Down Time (MAMDT)
Mean Logistics Delay Time (MLDT)
Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF)
Mean Time To Failure (MTTF)
Mean Time To Repair (MTTR)
Media Access Control (MAC)
Message-Oriented Middleware (MOM)
Message Queue(MQ)
Metadata
Microcontroller
Micropayment Channel
Middleware
Miner Node
Mission Assurance (MA)
Mission Critical System
Modem
Modifiability
Modified Off-The-Shelf (MOTS)
Modularity
Module
Monitoring Software
Motherboard
Multi-core Processor
Multi-Signature (multisig)
Must (Requirement)
Glossary N Terms
N-Tier Architecture
NATO Off-The-Shelf (NOTS)
Near-Field-Communication (NFC)
Network Appliance
Network Attached Storage (NAS)
Network Cabling
Network Device
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Network Layer
Network Node
Network Performance
Network Security
Network Topology
Network Traffic Analyzer
Node
Node Network
Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA)
Non-Functional Requirements
Non-Repudiation
Normalization
NoSQL
Glossary O Terms
Object
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
Objective
Object Management Group® (OMG®)
One-Time PIN (OTP)
Ontology
Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)
Open Source Software (OSS)
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model
Operability
Operating System (OS)
Operational transformation (OT)
Operator
Oracle
Owner
ownership
Glossary P Terms
Package Manager
Packet Loss
Packet Switched Network (PSN)
Parallel Processing
Parliamentary Authority
Partition
Payment Channel
Pedigree
Peer-to-Peer (P2P)
Performance
Performance Efficiency Measure
Performance or Functional Specifications
Permissioned Networks
Permissionless Networks
Permissive Open Source Software
Personal Identifiable Information (PII)
Physical Integrity
Physical Layer
Physical Security
Planning Level
Platform
Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
Platform Independent Model (PIM)
Platform Security
Platform Specific Model (PSM)
Plug In
Point-to-Point
Policies and Procedures (P&P)
Policy
Portability
Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX)
Port Number
Presentation Layer
Principle
principles
Private Network
Privileges
Procedural Language
Procedure
Processor
Programming Language
Project Management Software
Proof of Authority (PoA)
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Proof of Work (PoW)
Protocol
Protocol Layer
Provenance
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
Public Network
Publish-Subscribe
Publisher
Glossary Q Terms
Quality of Service (QoS) Policies
Glossary R Terms
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Read-Only Memory (ROM)
Reboot the World Problem
reCAPTCHA
Recoverability
Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)
Reference Architecture (RA)
Referential Integrity
Registered Agent
Regression Testing
Relational DataBase Management System (RDBMS)
Reliability, Maintainability, and Availability (RAM)
Reliability Measure
Relocatable Object
Repairability
Repeater
Replaceability
Representational State Transfer (REST)
Request For Comment (RFC)
Request For Information (RFI)
Request For Proposal (RFP)
Requirement
RESTful API
Reusability
Rich Site Summary (RSS)
Risk
Roundoff Error
Router
Glossary S Terms
Safety-Critical System (SCS)
Safety Assurance (SfA)
Salami Slicing
Sample
Sanity Testing
Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)
Scalability
Scaling Out
Scaling Up
Script
Secure Shell (SSH)
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
Security Measure
Semantics
Semantic Web
Sensor
Sequence
Server
Servicability
Session Layer
Settlement Layer
Shall (Requirement)
Shared Library
Shared Object (.so)
Shielding
Should (Requirement)
Sidechain
Simple Payment Verification (SPV)
Single-Factor Authentication (SFA)
Six Sigma (6Sigma)
Smart Card
Smart Contract
Smoke Testing
Snapshot
Soft Fork
Software Adaptability
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Software Assurance (SwA)
Software Firewall
Software Library
Software Stack
Source Code
Special Interest Group (SIG)
Special Rules
Sprint
Stakeholder
Standards Developing Organization (SDO)
Standards Organization
standards_organization
Standing Rules
Static Library
Statute
Storage Device
Straight-through Processing (StP)
Structured Query Language (SQL)
Sub-Claim
Subject Matter Expert (SME)
Subscriber
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
Supervisory Level
Supply Chain
Switch
Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP)
Syntax
System Assurance (SysA)
System Lifecycle
Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE)
Glossary T Terms
Tangle
Taxonomy
Technical Standard
Testability
Throughput
Tokens
Topic
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Transport Layer
Transport layer security (TLS)
Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)
Glossary U Terms
Unicode Transformation Format (UTF)
Unified Modeling Language (UML)
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
Unique Identifier (UID)
Unit Testing
Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID)
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
UNIX
Upload Speed
Usability
Use-Case
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
User Defined Integrity
User Error Protection
User Interface Aesthetics
User Scenario
Glossary V Terms
Validation
Value Chain
Vendor Lock-In
Vertical Scaling
Video Privacy Protection Act (VPPA)
Virtual Disk Image (VDI)
Virtual Machine (VM)
Virtual Machine Images
Glossary W Terms
WaitSet
Waterfall Model
Web Application (Web App)
Weight of Network
White Box Testing
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Will (Requirement)
Windows Registry
Wired Network
Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)
Wireless Network
wireproro
Wizard
Glossary X Terms
eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
XML Information Set (XML Infoset)
XML Schema Definition (XSD)
Glossary Y Terms
Glossary Z Terms
ZigBee
Technical Standards Bodies
de facto Standards Bodies
C.1 Embedded Systems
C.1.1 Embedded Subsystem
C.1.2 Standalone Embedded Systems
C.1.3 Networked Embedded Systems
C.2 Servers
C.2.1 Software Servers
C.2.2 Hardware Servers
C.3 Desktops
C.4 Handheld Computers
C.5 Supercomputers
C.6 Network Devices
Android
Apstra
Azure Real Time Operating System (or Azure RTOS)
Azure Sphere OS
balenaOS
Blackberry QNX
CentOS
Chromium OS
Cisco Digital Network Architecture (Cisco DNA)
Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS)
Cisco IOS XR
Cisco NX-OS
ClearOS
CloudReady
ExtremeXOS
FreeBSD
FreeRTOS
IBM i
iOS
Junos operating system (Junos OS)
LynxOS RTOS
Nokia X Software Platform
Open Network Linux
OpenServer
Oracle Linux (OL)
Oracle Solaris
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)
SANtricity Software Operating System (OS)
SCO UnixWare
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES)
TrueNAS
Ubuntu Linux
Windows
Windows IoT
Windows NT
Windows Server
Windows XP
Tools: Archiving and Release Management
Tools: Bug and Issue Tracking
Tools: Code Reviews
Tools: Contributor License Agreements (CLA)
Tools: GitHub Management at Corporate Scale
Tools: Logging Tools
Tools: Network Traffic Analysis
Tools: Open Source Paradigm
Tools: Project Quality
Tools: Source Code Scanning and License Compliance
Tools: Tracking Project Health
F.1 User Data
F.2 Topic Data
F.3 Group Data
F.4 Durability
F.5 Durability Service
F.6 Presentation
F.8 Latency Budget
F.7 Deadline
F.9 Ownership
F.10 Ownership Strength
F.11 Liveliness
F.12 Time Based Filter
F.13 Partition
F.14 Reliability
F.15 Transport Priority
F.16 Lifespan
F.17 Destination Order
F.18 History
F.19 Resource Limits
F.20 Entity Factory
F.21 Writer Data Lifecycle
F.22 Reader Data Lifecycle
Appendix G: Tests
Appendix H: Acronyms
Appendix I: Cognitive Model
Appendix J: Governance Model
Appendix K: DIDO Consensus Algorithms
K.1 Definition of Terms
K.2 Consensus Objectives
K.3 Consensus Mechanisms
K.4 Consensus Platforms
K.5 Consensus Algorithm References
Video: SCOTT
Webpage: ANWAR
Webpage: BHARDWAJ
Webpage: HRYIUK
Webpage: SAINI
Webpage: SHAH
Appendix L: Governance, Regulation and Compliance
Data Governance
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Compliance
U.S. Federal Data Strategy